Order of the Chrysanthemum



Jump to: navigation, search The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章, Dai-kun'i kikka-shō?, literally Grand Order of the Badge of the Chrysanthemums) is Japan's highest order. The Grand Cordon of the Order was established in 1876 by Emperor Meiji of Japan; the collar of the Order was added on January 4, 1888. Although technically the order has only one class, it can either be awarded "with collar," meaning on a chain, or "with grand cordon," accompanied by a sash. Unlike its European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.

The collar of the order is awarded only posthumously, except for the reigning emperor, who automatically holds the rank. Exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar as a sign of friendship.

The grand cordon is the highest possible honor a Japanese citizen can be awarded during his lifetime. Aside from the imperial household, only three grand cordons have been awarded to living citizens and eleven to the deceased.

The badge of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white enameled rays; the center bears a red enameled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge there is a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum blossom with green enameled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.

The star of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed gilt medallion (with white enameled rays and red enameled sun disc) placed at the center. It is worn on the left chest.

The grand cordon of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder. {| class="toc" id="toc"

Contents
[hide] *1 Selected recipients
 * 1.1 Collar
 * 1.2 Grand Cordon (Imperial family)
 * 1.3 Grand Cordon
 * 1.4 Collar (deceased)
 * 1.5 Grand Cordon (deceased)
 * 2 Notes
 * 3 See also
 * 4 References
 * 5 External links
 * }

[edit] Selected recipients
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.===[edit] Collar===
 * HIM The Emperor
 * Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, 1962[1]
 * Margrethe II of Denmark
 * Harald V of Norway
 * Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden
 * Albert II of Belgium, 1996
 * Mohammed VI of Morocco, 2005[2]
 * Abdullah II of Jordan, 1999
 * Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin of Malaysia, 2005
 * Sultan Azlan Shah of Malaysia, 1991
 * Sultan Abdul Halim of Malaysia, 1970
 * Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, 1984
 * Sultan Qaboos of Oman
 * Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan, 1987
 * Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, 1968[3]
 * Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani of Qatar, 1984
 * Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand
 * Juan Carlos I of Spain
 * Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah of Kuwait 2012

[edit] Grand Cordon (Imperial family)

 * HIM The Emperor
 * Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
 * Prince Akishino
 * Prince Hitachi
 * Prince Mikasa
 * Prince Katsura

[edit] Grand Cordon

 * Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, 1971[4]
 * Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh[5]
 * Charles, Prince of Wales, 1971.[6]
 * Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden[7]
 * Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark.[8]
 * Prince Joachim of Denmark.[9]
 * Vajiralongkorn, Crown Price of Thailand
 * Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange
 * Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant [10] [11]
 * Yasuhiro Nakasone.
 * Porfirio Diaz.
 * Toomas Hendrik Ilves[12]
 * Valdas Adamkus.[13]
 * Aleksander Kwaśniewski.[14]
 * Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga.
 * Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

[edit] Collar (deceased)

 * Emperor Meiji (1852–1912).
 * Emperor Taishō (1879–1926).
 * Emperor Shōwa (1901–1989).
 * Guangxu Emperor (1872–1908)
 * Emperor Kojong of Korea (1852–1919).
 * Emperor Sunjong of Korea (1874–1926).
 * Tuanku Syed Putra (1920–2000).
 * Haile Selassie I (1892–1974).
 * Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (1906–1979).
 * Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886–1941).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14">[15]
 * Prince Kan'in Kotohito (1865–1945).
 * Birendra of Nepal (1945–2001).
 * Mahendra of Nepal (1920–1972).
 * Muhammad Zahir Shah (1914–2007).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15">[16]
 * Fuad I (1868–1936).
 * Faruk I (1920–1965).
 * Hussein I (1935–1999).
 * Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (1926–2006).
 * Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980).
 * Tōgō Heihachirō (1848–1934).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16">[17]
 * Caliph Abdülhamid II of the Ottoman Empire, 1887<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17">[18]

[edit] Grand Cordon (deceased)

 * Aiswarya (1949–2001).
 * Dipendra of Nepal (1971–2001)
 * Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18">[19]
 * Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900–1974).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19">[20]
 * Nobusuke Kishi (1896–1987).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20">[21]
 * Benito Mussolini (1883–1945).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21">[22]
 * Álvaro Obregón (1880–1928).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22">[23]
 * Keizo Obuchi (1937–2000).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23">[24]
 * Prajadhipok of Siam (1893–1941).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24">[25]
 * Puyi (1906–1967).
 * Ronald Reagan (1911–2004).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25">[26]
 * Samuel Robinson (1870–1958).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26">[27]
 * Sanjō Sanetomi (1837–1891).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27">[28]
 * Amha Selassie I (1916–1997).
 * Prince Makonnen of Ethiopia (1923-1957).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28">[29]
 * Prince Sahle Selassie of Ethiopia (1931-1962).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29">[30]
 * Norodom Suramarit, King of Cambodia. (1896–1960)
 * Noboru Takeshita (1924–2000).
 * Morohashi Tetsuji (1993)-1982).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30">[31]
 * Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980).
 * Togo Heihachiro (1848–1934).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31">[32]
 * Prince Imperial Ui (1877–1955).
 * Vong Savang (1931-198?).
 * Yamamoto Isoroku (1884–1943).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32">[33]
 * Crown Prince Euimin of Korea (1897–1970).
 * John H. Lang US Navy <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33">[34]

[edit] Notes

 * 1) ^ Bortrick, William. "The Royal Family–HM Queen Elizabeth II," Burke's Peerage.
 * 2) ^ Promoted from Grand Cordon in 1987.
 * 3) ^ Promoted from Grand Cordon awarded in 1955.
 * 4) ^ Hamilton, Alan. "Palace small talk problem solved: royal guest is a goby fish fanatic," The Times (London). May 30, 2007.
 * 5) ^ Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971:Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth
 * 6) ^ Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971:Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth
 * 7) ^ ViewImages.com
 * 8) ^ Danish Crown Prince website
 * 9) ^ http://kongehuset.dk/Den-kongelige-familie/Prins-Joachim-og-Prinsesse-Marie/HKH-Prins-Joachim]
 * 10) ^ Belga Pictures, State visit in Japan, 1996, Sovereign couples & Prince Philippe
 * 11) ^ Order awarded 26th May 1994, mentioned in his biography in the official publication of the Belgian Senate
 * 12) ^ http://www.estonia.com.au/pics/er_21.pdf
 * 13) ^ President of the Republic of Lithuania - Biography
 * 14) ^ Polish presidential web page
 * 15) ^ Honor awarded 1930 -- "Japan to Decorate King Alfonso Today; Emperor's Brother Nears Madrid With Collar of the Chrysanthemum for Spanish King." New York Times, November 3, 1930.
 * 16) ^ Decoration probably conferred during 1969 State Visit to Japan -- no specific citation support.
 * 17) ^ See collar in formal portrait, File:Tōgō Heihachirō.jpg
 * 18) ^ http://www.osmanlihanedanvakfi.com/2011/02/01/japon-imparatorunun-ii-abdulhamid-han%e2%80%99a-mektubu.html
 * 19) ^ Honor awarded 1954 -- Weisman, Stephen. "Reagan Given Top Award by Japanese," New York Times. October 24, 1989.
 * 20) ^ Honor awarded 1929 -- "Imperial Garter," Time Magazine, May 13, 1929.
 * 21) ^ "The Orphan of Asia," Time Magazine, July 20, 1959.
 * 22) ^ Honor awarded in 1938 -- "Flower to Mussolini," Time Magazine, September 5, 1938.
 * 23) ^ Honor awarded in 1024 -- "Japan Decorates Obregon; Order of the Chrysanthemum is Conferred by Special Ambassador," New York Times, November 28, 1924.
 * 24) ^ MOFA, speeches at Memorial Service
 * 25) ^ Honor awarded 1931 -- Mighty Monarch," Time Magazine, April 20, 1931.
 * 26) ^ Honor awarded 1989 -- Weisman, Stephen. "Reagan Given Top Award by Japanese," New York Times. October 24, 1989.
 * 27) ^ Vancouver Maritime Museum
 * 28) ^ Honor awarded 1882.
 * 29) ^ [1]
 * 30) ^ [2]
 * 31) ^ Honor awarded 1957 -- Sanjo City website: Morohashi Tetsuji Museum
 * 32) ^ Honor awarded in 1926 -- "Sea Noon," Time Magazine, November 8, 1926; "Profound Alarm," Time Magazine, July 6, 1931.
 * 33) ^ Honor awarded posthumously.
 * 34) ^ Chapter 21, "Between the lines of World II, Paul. M. Edwards, Mcfarland & Company, Jefferson, N.C., Chapter 21, 2010

[edit] See also

 * Neck order

[edit] References
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 * Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. 10-ISBN 1-890-97409-9/13-ISBN 978-1-890-97409-1; OCLC 45437720